颜宁当选美国科学院外籍院士，2年前从清华大学远飞普林斯顿

当地时间4月30日，美国国家科学院（National Academy of Sciences，NAS）公布了最新一批院士名单，共包括100名美国本土科学家和25名外籍院士，以表彰他们在原创研究中的杰出成就。

其中包括4位华人：中国科学院院士、中国疾病预防控制中心主任、中科院微生物研究所教授、病原微生物与免疫学家高福，普林斯顿大学雪莉•蒂尔曼（Shirley M. Tilghman）终身讲席教授、结构生物学家颜宁当选为美国科学院外籍院士；哈佛大学工程与应用科学学院教授锁志刚（Zhigang Suo）和洛克菲勒大学教授、HHMI研究员陈珏（Jue Chen）当选为美国科学院院士。

此外，据美国国家科学院当天发布的消息，本次美国科学院院士与外籍院士当选名单中，女性占40%，这一占比是历年最高。

当地时间4月30日晚间，颜宁本人也在微博上发表了对这一最新荣誉的感想，称对着镜子练习了半天“德高望重”，“做不来做不来”。并提到自己后知后觉，“今天被轰炸完了5分钟我才明白发生了啥。”

的确，发文无数、包揽诸多荣誉的颜宁现年还不满42岁。

颜宁本科毕业于清华大学，后于2000年出国深造，在普林斯顿大学完成了博士生涯并继续博士后工作，师从著名结构生物学家、如今的西湖大学校长施一公教授。2007年，年仅30岁的颜宁从普林斯顿大学学成而归，回到自己本科时的清华大学任教，成为了当时清华大学最年轻的博士生导师。

在回国后的10年时间里，颜宁的研究工作主要聚焦于膜转运蛋白的结构和机制相关的生物学研究，在《科学》（Science）、《自然》（Nature）、《细胞》（Cell）等国际顶级期刊杂志上发表多篇论文。

回国4年，2011年，颜宁即获得了中国生物物理学最高奖项——贝时璋奖。颜宁随后还陆续获得第九届中国青年女科学家奖、2012年度科技创新人物、谈家桢生命科学创新奖等。

2014年，37岁的颜宁率领的团队首次成功解析了人源葡萄糖转运关键蛋白GLUT1的晶体结构和工作机理，为地球生物最重要的能量来源葡萄糖如何进入细胞揭开了一角。颜宁这一成果当时被认为战胜了过去50年从事其结构研究的所有科学家。

另外，颜宁曾在2017年8月被增选为中国科学院院士初步候选人，也是当年157名候选人名单中最年轻的一位。不过，在当年11月底公布的最终名单中，颜宁未能入选。

也就是在2017年，回国10年的颜宁决定离开清华大学，接受了普林斯顿大学向她伸出的橄榄枝。这一举动在当年的五一前后引起了国内的广泛关注，外界猜测颇多，甚至有“负气出走”等声音，但颜宁本人后来否认了外界猜测，并表示“生怕自己在一个环境里待久了，可能故步自封而不自知；换一种环境，是为了给自己一些新的压力、刺激自己获得灵感，希望能够在科学上取得新的突破。”

颜宁现为普林斯顿大学分子生物学系首位雪莉•蒂尔曼（Shirley M. Tilghman）终身讲席教授。雪莉•蒂尔曼是世界著名分子生物学家、普林斯顿大学建校200多年来的首位女校长。

颜宁赴美之后依然保持着“高产”。就在 2018年6月底到9月初，短短70天内颜宁团队在顶级学术期刊《科学》上连发3篇论文。

值得一提的是，就在当选为美国科学院外籍院士的前一天， 4月29日，颜宁还在微博上庆祝自己刚刚获得“魏兹曼女性与科学奖”（Weizmann Women and Science Award），当时尚提到，“才发现这可能是我迄今获得的最优分量的奖了。”她认为，一个奖的分量在“在于过去的得奖人“。

美国国家科学院成立于1863年，是一个由美国著名科学家组成的非盈利、非政府组织，入选该院的院士是美国乃至世界学术界最高的荣誉之一。入选者无需自行申请，而是基于其在原创研究中所做出的突出且持续的贡献，新院士由现任院士在每年4月举行的美国科学院年会上投票选出，外籍院士没有投票权。每年将会有100名国籍为美国的新院士被选出，同时还有最多有25名的外籍院士被选出来。

目前美国科学院院士总产生2347名院士，其中约有487名为外籍院士。截至2018年，他们中有190人曾获得过诺贝尔奖。而这其中，截至2018年，共有超过100名华人、华裔科学家当选为美国科学院院士以及外籍院士，其中包括李政道、杨振宁、丁肇中等华人诺贝尔奖得主。

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最新一批美国国家科学院院士名单

Ackerman, Susan L.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Steven Kuffler Chair of Biology and professor, department of cell and molecular medicine, University of California, San Diego

Aizenberg, Joanna; Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science and professor of chemistry and chemical biology, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Alberts, Susan C.; Robert F. Durden Professor of Biology, departments of biology and evolutionary anthropology, Duke University, Durham, N.C.

Balents, Leon; Pat and Joe Yzurdiaga Chair of Theoretical Physics and professor of physics and permanent member, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara

Banks, Martin S.; professor, Wills Neuroscience Institute, and professor of bioengineering, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley

Basbaum, Allan I.; professor and chairman, department of anatomy, University of California, San Francisco

Bierbaum, Rosina M.; Roy F. Westin Chair in Natural Economics, University of Maryland; and professor of natural resources and environment policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Booker, Squire J.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Evan Pugh University Professor of Chemistry and professor of biochemistry and molecular biology, department of chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, State College

Boyden, Edward S.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Y. Eva Tan Professor in Neurotechnology and professor, departments of brain and cognitive sciences and biological engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Bretherton, Christopher S.; professor, departments of applied mathematics and atmospheric sciences, University of Washington, Seattle

Caflisch, Russel E.; director and professor, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York City

Callaway, Edward M.; professor, Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Sciences, and senior fellow, Crick-Jacobs Center for Theoretical and Computational Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.

Chayes, Jennifer T.; technical fellow and managing director, Microsoft Research New York, Microsoft Research Montreal, and Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, Mass.

Chen, Jue; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and William E. Ford Professor, The Rockefeller University, New York City

Cialdini, Robert B.; regents' professor emeritus, departments of psychology and marketing, Arizona State University, Tempe

Colonna, Marco; Robert Rock Belliveau MD Professor and professor of pathology, department of pathology and immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

Coruzzi, Gloria M.; Carroll and Milton Petrie Professor of Biology, department of biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York City

Cuervo, Ana Maria; professor of developmental and molecular biology, anatomy and structural biology, and medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.

Currie, Janet; Henry Putnam Professor of Economics and Public Affairs and director, Center for Health and Well-Being, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Dine, Michael; distinguished professor, department of physics, University of California, Santa Cruz

Egelman, Edward H.; Harrison Distinguished Professor, department of biochemistry and molecular genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville

Ekström, Göran; professor of earth sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y.

Elser, James J.; professor, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; and Bierman Professor of Ecology and director, Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson

Engels, William R.; professor of genetics emeritus, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Falcone, Roger W.; director, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and professor, department of physics, University of California, Berkeley

Farquhar, James; professor, department of geology and earth systems science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park

Fogel, Marilyn L.; director, EDGE Institute, and Wilbur W. Mayhew Endowed Professor of Geoecology, department of earth sciences, University of California, Riverside

Friend, Cynthia M.; Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, professor of materials sciences, and director, Rowland Institute at Harvard, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

García-Sastre, Adolfo; director, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and professor of microbiology and medicine, department of microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City

Gierasch, Lila M.; distinguished professor, department of biochemistry and molecular biology and department of chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Goldberg, Pinelopi K.; William K. Lanman Professor of Economics, department of economics, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Greene, Chris H.; Albert Overhauser Distinguished Professor, department of physics and astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.

Grimm, Nancy B.; Virginia M. Ullman Professor of Ecology and senior sustainability scientist, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe

Hagan, Maura E.; dean of science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan

Hammond, Paula T.; David H. Koch (1962) Professor of Engineering and department head, department of chemical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Harrison, Maria J.; William H. Crocker Research Chair, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Heald, Rebecca; Flora Lamson Hewlett Endowed Chair in Biochemistry, professor, and head, division of cell and developmental biology, molecular and cell biology department, University of California, Berkeley

Inouye, Masayori; distinguished professor, department of biochemistry and molecular biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick

Jackson, Jeremy B.C.; professor emeritus, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; and senior scientist emeritus, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

Jinks-Robertson, Sue; professor, co-vice chair, and director, cell and molecular biology program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N.C.

Johnson, Patricia J.; professor, department of microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles

Kahne, Daniel; Higgins Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Kamionkowski, Marc; William R. Kenan Jr. Professor, department of physics and astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

Kirkegaard, Karla A.; Violetta L. Horton Research Professor, professor of genetics, and professor of microbiology and immunology, department of genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Kotliar, Gabriel; board of governors professor, department of physics and astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick

Kra, Bryna Rebekah; Sarah Rebecca Roland Professor of Mathematics, mathematics department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

Krasnow, Mark A.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Paul and Millie Berg Professor of Biochemistry, department of biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

Laibson, David; Robert I. Goldman Professor of Economics and chair, department of economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Lenardo, Michael J.; director, clinical genomics program, and senior investigator and section chief, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Levin, Leonid A.; professor of computer science, computer science department, Boston University, Boston

Ley, Timothy J.; Lewis T. and Rosalind B. Apple Chair in Oncology, division of oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

Lipson, Michal; professor, department of electrical and computer engineering, Columbia University, New York City

Long, Stephen P.; Gutgsell Endowed Professor and Ikenberry Endowed University Chair, departments of plant biology and crop sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Malik, Harmit S.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and full member, division of basic sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle

Marchetti, M. Cristina; professor, department of physics, University of California, Santa Barbara

Marraffini, Luciano A.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and professor, The Rockefeller University, New York City

Martínez, Todd J.; D.M. Ehrsam and E.C. Franklin Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University; and professor of photon science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, Calif.

Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; J.C. Warner University Professor of Natural Science, department of chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh

McGinnis, William J.; professor of biology and dean, division of biological sciences, cell, and developmental biology, University of California, San Diego

Mele, Eugene J.; professor of physics, department of physics and astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Milner, George R.; distinguished professor of anthropology, department of anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College

Milner, Helen V.; B.C. Forbes Professor of Politics and International Affairs, and founding director, Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Moffitt, Robert A.; Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Economics, department of economics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

Moore, David D.; R.P. Doherty Jr. Welch Professorship and professor, department of molecular and cellular biology, department of medicine, and department of molecular and human genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston

Nelson, Mark T.; university distinguished professor and chair of pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington

Newman, Dianne K.; professor of biology and geobiology, division of geological and planetary sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

Ostrander, Elaine A.; NIH distinguished investigator, and chief, Cancer Genetics Branch and Intramural Research Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Pierrehumbert, Janet B.; senior research fellow, Trinity College; and professor of language modelling, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Rabin, Matthew; Pershing Square Professor of Behavioral Economics, department of economics, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Raulet, David; professor of immunology and pathogenesis and co-chair, department of molecular and cell biology, University of California, Berkeley

Regev, Aviv; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; professor, department of biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and chair of the faculty and core member, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.

Reid, Mark J.; senior radio astronomer, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

Roeder, Kathryn; professor, department of statistics and computational biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh

Ronald, Pamela C.; director of grass genetics, Joint BioEnergy Institute; and distinguished professor, department of plant pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Genome Center, University of California, Davis

Roussel, Martine F.; professor, full member, and endowed chair in molecular oncogenesis, tumor cell biology department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn.

Sabatini, Bernardo L.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Alice and Rodman W. Moorhead III Professor, department of neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston

Schutz, Bernard F.; professor and deputy director, Data Innovation Research Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Seljak, Uros; Professor, Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Faculty Senior Staff, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Shenker, Scott J.; professor, department of electrical engineering and computer sciences, University of California, Berkeley

Simon, Barry; IBM Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, division of physics, astronomy, and mathematics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

Smith, Karen E.; professor of mathematics, department of mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Smith, Linda; distinguished professor, department of psychological and brain sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington

Speck, Nancy A.; investigator, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; and professor, department of cell and developmental biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia

Spencer, Thomas E.; Curators' Distinguished Professor of Animal Sciences and professor of reproductive biology and genomics, division of animal sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia

Strome, Susan; distinguished professor, department of molecular, cell, and developmental biology, University of California, Santa Cruz

Suo, Zhigang; Allen E. and Marilyn M. Puckett Professor of Mechanics and Materials, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Tirrell, Matthew V.; Pritzker Director, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago

Turner, Paul E.; Elihu Professor, department of ecology and evolutionary biology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Valley, John W.; Charles R. Hise Professor, department of geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison

VandeWoude, Sue; professor, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins

Voytas, Daniel F.; director, Center for Genome Engineering, and professor, department of genetics, cell biology, and development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

Weis, William I.; William M. Hume Professor, professor of structural biology, molecular and cellular physiology, and photon science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

Williams, David R.; Florence and Laura Norman Professor of Public Health, and professor of African and African American studies and sociology, department of social and behavioral sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston

Wolberger, Cynthia; professor, department of biophysics and biophysical chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore

Wolfner, Mariana F.; Goldwin Smith Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics, department of molecular biology and genetics. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Yacoby, Amir; professor of physics and professor of applied physics, department of physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Yaghi, Omar M.; James and Neeltje Tretter Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley

Yazdani, Ali; professor of physics, department of physics, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

Zilberman, David; professor of agricultural and resource economics, and Robinson Chair, department of agriculture and resource economics, University of California, Berkeley

Zuk, Marlene; professor, department of ecology, evolution, and behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

最新一批美国国家科学院外籍院士名单

Ávila, Artur; full professor and researcher, Institut für Mathematik, Universität Zürich, Switzerland (Brazil/France)

Blatt, Rainer; scientific director, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences; and professor of physics, Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria (Austria/Germany)

Blundell, Richard; David Ricardo Professor of Political Economy, department of economics, University College London, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Castillo Butters, Luis Jaime; full professor of archaeology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Peru)

Feringa, Ben L.; Jacobus van't Hoff Distinguished Professor of Molecular Sciences, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Netherlands (Netherlands)

Fischer, Alain; professor, College of France; and professor, Institute Imagine, Hospital Necker-Enfants Maladies, France (France)

Gao, George F.; director general, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; dean, medical school, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; vice president, National Natural Science Foundation of China; and professor, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China (People’s Republic of China)

Graves, Jennifer A.M.; professor emeritus, Australian National University; and distinguished professor, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia (Australia)

Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel; co-founder and executive director, Afrobarometer; and executive director, Ghana Center for Democratic Development, Ghana (Ghana)

Harel, David; William Sussman Professor of Mathematics, department of computer science and applied mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (Israel)

Hassan, Rashid; professor emeritus, agricultural economics, extension and rural development, environmental economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa (South Africa/Sudan)

Langdale, Jane A.; senior research fellow, Queen's College; and professor, department of plant development, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Logan, Gordon; Centennial Professor, department of psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (Canada)

Nielsen, Jens; professor, department of biology and biological engineering, Chalmers Institute of Technology, Sweden (Denmark)

Normark, Staffan; professor, department of microbiology, tumor, and cell biology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden (Sweden)

Novoselov, Konstantin S.; Langworthy Professor of Physics, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (Russia/United Kingdom)

Oren, Moshe; professor, molecular cell biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (Israel)

Saéz, Juan Carlos; acting director, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Chile (Chile)

Sauvage, Jean-Pierre; professor emeritus, Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, France (France)

Scheffer, Marten; head, aquatic ecology and water management department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Netherlands (Netherlands)

Spirin, Alexander; former director, Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia (Russia)

Stefánsson, Kári; professor of medicine, University of Iceland; and president, chief executive officer, and director, deCODE genetics, Iceland (Iceland)

Watt, Fiona M.; director, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)

Yan, Nieng; Shirley M. Tilghman Professor of Molecular Biology, department of molecular biology, Princeton University (People’s Republic of China)

Zechner, Rudolf; director, BioTechMed-Graz; and professor, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria (Austria)