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好笑但合理！法律视角打开古偶剧《莲花楼》，看完神清气爽……

2023-08-23 21:04

来源：澎湃新闻·澎湃号·政务

正值暑期，多部古偶轮番登场，《莲花楼》（Mysterious Lotus Casebook）就是其中之一。

这部40集（episode）古装武侠悬疑剧讲述了闻名武林的四顾门门主李相夷（成毅饰）在一次大战后身受重伤，从此退隐江湖成为淡泊名利的郎中李莲花，在遇到新友方多病（曾舜晞饰）与旧敌笛飞声（肖顺尧饰）后重新卷入江湖的故事。

Ten years ago, Li Xiangyi, a master of the Sigu Sect, reigned supreme with his exceptional swordsmanship, serving as a beacon of light in the martial arts realm. However, he vanished without a trace along with Di Feisheng, a leader of the Jinyuan Alliance, following their planned duel in the East Sea.

A decade later, Li Lianhua, a rural physician who carries a lotus tower wherever he goes, unintentionally rises to fame and finds himself entangled in the world of martial arts, a realm he had once tried to distance himself from. Fang Duobing, an ardent youth aspiring to become a hero, becomes suspicious of Li Lianhua's true identity and is determined to gather evidence proving that he is an imposter claiming to be a renowned doctor.

Simultaneously, Di Feisheng, who has always had a love-hate relationship with Li Xiangyi, resurfaces in the martial arts world and realizes that the seemingly ordinary doctor, Li Lianhua, is none other than Li Xiangyi himself.

该剧目前已完结，据说很多“莲络人”看完后的精神状态如下图所示：

是谁沉迷于《莲花楼》，放不下李相夷？开个脑洞，身中碧茶之毒的李莲花，如果穿越到今天，该如何去保护自己？一起边追剧边学法律知识吧！

Let us take a moment to delve further into the scenario of Li Lianhua, a poisoned individual, and how he would navigate the challenges of protecting himself if he were to travel back in time.

看剧学法

剧情回顾：李相夷被朋友云彼丘出卖，身中碧茶之毒。李相夷虽然有扬州慢护体，但碧茶之毒乃是天下最恶毒的散功药物，不仅散人功力，而且药力伤脑，轻则成为疯子，重则令人癫狂而死。

Li Xiangyi, once deceived by his friend Yun Biqiu, becomes a victim of the deadly Bicha poison. Despite the protection offered by Yangzhou Slow, it soon becomes apparent that Bicha poison is the most potent substance known to exist. This lethal poison not only saps one's physical strength but also inflicts severe damage on the brain, leading to periods of madness or even eventual insanity.

若这种情况发生在当下，李相夷该怎么办呢？

▍法官说

我国《民法典》对于失智失能成年人的监护问题，提供了法定监护之外的制度选择，即意定监护制度。《民法典》规定，具有完全民事行为能力（capacity for civil conduct）的成年人，可以与其近亲属、其他愿意担任监护人（guardian）的个人或者组织事先协商，以书面形式确定自己的监护人，在自己丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力时，由该监护人履行监护职责。从本质上来看，意定监护属于附生效期限或生效条件的民事合同（civil contract）。

换句话说，意定监护是一种本人在能力完全时，通过委任契约，预先为自己能力不足时的生活做出规划，以确保年老时或丧失行为能力时的生活符合自己的意愿的协议安排。因此，李相夷可以在自己尚未毒发之时，与好友方多病或者亦敌亦友的笛飞声再或者前女友乔婉娩签订一份委托监护的协议书，以书面形式确定自己的监护人，在李相夷毒发丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力之后，由该监护人履行监护职责。

To ensure that Li Xiangyi is taken care of in the event of losing or partially losing his capacity for civil conduct due to poisoning, he can establish a guardianship agreement with either Fang Duobing or Di Feisheng in a written form. This agreement would determine a designated guardian who will be responsible for looking after Li.

改名字会对已作出的承诺有影响吗？能赖账吗？

剧情回顾：李相夷身中碧茶之毒后，为了解毒，容貌大变，连亲友也无法认出。李相夷又自己改名叫李莲花，这时李相夷做出的法律行为还有效吗？

▍法官说：

《民法典》规定了民事法律行为有效的条件：分别是——1.行为人具有相应的民事行为能力；2.意思表示真实；3.不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定；4.不违背公序良俗（public order and good customs/morals）。

如果只是出于保护个人隐私（privacy）的目的而使用假名字，且已实际履行了合同义务，那么该合同依然有效，也并不违法。但如果易容或者改名是为了实施欺诈行为，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下实施了民事法律行为，受欺诈方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁（arbitration）机构予以撤销。另外，当事人在订立合同过程中故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况，造成对方损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。

简而言之，即使李相夷容貌大变，改名李莲花之后作出的行为，仍然是有效的，李莲花还需要履行自己的承诺。

In essence, even if Li Xiangyi were to undergo a drastic transformation in appearance and adopt the new identity of Li Lianhua, the actions he takes following this change would still hold significance. Li Lianhua would still be obligated to fulfill his promise, regardless of the external alterations he had undergone.

双语君还有个疑问：肖紫衿诋毁李相夷，李相夷又该如何及时止损呢？

剧情回顾：剧中李相夷的故友肖紫衿生性多疑、气量狭小，肖紫衿怀疑未婚妻乔婉娩对李相夷念念不忘，肖紫衿便散布谣言称单孤刀是被李相夷害死的。面对这样的谣言（rumor），李相夷该如何及时制止谣言，维护自己的权利？

▍法官说：

《民法典》对于及时制止谣言侵害名誉权（right of reputation）的方法，规定在997条之中，就是及时申请停止侵害人格权禁令。民事主体有证据证明行为人正在实施或者即将实施侵害其人格权的违法行为，不及时制止将使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，有权依法向人民法院申请采取责令行为人停止有关行为的措施。停止侵害人格权禁令制度，旨在为人格权提供更加全面、及时、有效的保护。

因此，面对肖紫衿散布的谣言，李相夷若穿越至今，可以选择向法院申请停止侵害人格权禁令来及时保护自身权益，这样的做法，对于降低江湖谣言的即时危害和传播范围是很有帮助的。制止谣言后，李相夷还可以向肖紫衿主张侵犯名誉权的侵权责任，因为民事主体享有名誉权，名誉是对民事主体的品德、声望、才能、信用等的社会评价，任何组织或者个人不得以侮辱、诽谤等方式侵害他人的名誉权。

Every individual has the right of reputation. This encompasses the social evaluation of one's character, prestige, abilities, and credibility. It is prohibited for any organization or individual to engage in insulting, slandering, or any other form of infringement that could harm this right.

此外，李相夷还可以主张肖紫衿因侵害人格权承担消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉等民事责任，如果肖紫衿拒不承担上述责任，人民法院可以采取在报刊、网络等媒体上发布公告或者公布生效裁判文书等方式执行，产生的费用由肖紫衿负担。