高大伟对话汉斯·杭智科：为什么中国在智慧城市建设上表现如此优秀？

汉斯·杭智科是悉尼大学商学院中国工商管理学教授，负责主持悉尼大学中国研究中心的商业与经济小组。汉斯精通中文，并经常在国内及国际媒体上评论中国的商业发展，以及澳洲与中国的商业关系。他的团队与毕马威会计师事务所就“中国企业在澳大利亚投资”联合发布的报告获得了国际媒体的广泛报道。他的主要研究方向包括中国的私企与中国企业的全球发展。

Hans Hendrischke is professor of Chinese business and management at the University of Sydney Business School. He chairs the Business and Economics Cluster of the University’s China Studies Centre. He speaks and writes fluent Chinese and is a frequent commentator on China business and Australia China business relations in national and international media. His team reports with KPMG on Chinese Investment in Australia receive wide international coverage. Hans’ main research interests are China’s private enterprise sector and the global development of Chinese enterprises.

高大伟：教授，你是中国问题的专家，也是澳大利亚的知名人物。你非常了解天津，也了解世界智能大会的重要意义。教授，我想问一个非常简单的问题：你认为为什么中国在智慧城市建设上表现如此优秀？

汉斯：这是一个很好的问题。我是制度经济学家，所以我从这个角度来解释，为什么中国在智慧城市领域表现突出。中国的智慧城市由中央政府出资支持，自2008年来，中央政府大力推进智慧城市建设。这是因为中国的城市化进程中有很多问题亟待解决。所以，需要改进城市管理的方式、城市运行的方式以及环境污染管控的方式。

中央政府出台了相关政策，这些政策也给地方政府之间带来了竞争。因此，各地地方政府必须相互追赶，以证明自己的城市做得最好，他们可以创造出智慧城市的新模式、新想法。如果这些地方政府工作做得好，就能被树立为全国模范，或者获得资金支持。这样，地方政府就得到了自上而下的有力支持。

举个例子，我去过杭州的一个郊区，那里完全拆除了所有旧的配电系统，换成了智能电表，这样就能够管控电流，节约用电，最终达到减少污染的效果。中国有这种灵活性，这个案例就是交由私营企业完成的。

因此，中国的智慧城市很大程度上立足于基础设施。城市可以利用大数据和人工智能，在科技推动下快速扩展规模。这也是我们所不具备的条件。

高大伟：非常感谢，教授。您提到的这种治理、中央政府的规划与灵活性之间的相互结合，确实很了不起。我的最后一个问题是：对于21世纪的智慧城市建设来说，为什么国际合作至关重要？

汉斯：在我看来，这是因为单个国家的智慧是不够的。我们需要把各国所擅长的不同的智慧结合起来。中国的重要性不会因为西方发生的事而改变。中国正在建设规模经济，也在发展大数据和人工智能，这些我们希望能够参与。毫无疑问，我们想获得这些技术。但另一方面，中国也想要我们所擅长的东西，比如中国正在发展公民理想，想讲述自己的故事。

高大伟：非常感谢您，教授。天津世界智能大会提供了一个平台，我们可以借此相互学习，共同应对21世纪的挑战，其中的一个挑战就是智慧城市的建设。再次感谢，教授。

汉斯：祝大会圆满成功，谢谢。

高大伟：感谢。

David: Professor, you are an expert on China, a very well-known personality in Australia. You know Tianjin very well, and you know the importance of the World Intelligence Congress. A very simple question, professor, why do you think China is doing so well in the building of smarter cities?

Hans: That's a great question. I'm an institutional economist, so I'll give you my explanation, that's my explanation why China is so strong in smart cities. Smart cities in China are supported and funded by the central government. The central government has made since 2008 a very strong move to push smart cities. That is for the reason that a whole lot of problems need to be solved in Chinese urbanization. So, there's a big reason to improve the way cities are run and the way cities work and the way environmental pollution can be controlled.

So, what the central state does is to issue these policies, and what results from these policies is a competition then between local governments. So, local governments have to compete to show that they are the best, they can produce new models, new ideas of smart cities. And if they are doing well, then either they become a national model or they get funding. So, there's this strong support down from the top to the local government.

For example, I've been to one suburb or city quarter in Hangzhou where they had completely taken away all the old electric distribution system and replace them by smart meters, which enable them then to regulate electricity flows, to make savings, in the end to reduce pollution. China has these flexibilities, which in this case, it was actually given to a private company.

Smart cities in China therefore are very much infrastructure-based. They can use big data, they can use Artificial Intelligence, they can easily scale up, and they are technology-driven. That's also something that we do not have.

David: Thank you very much, professor. And your answer, this combination of governance, this plan from the central government and the flexibility is absolutely fascinating. The last question, professor, why do you think international cooperation is important for the building of smarter city in the 21st century?

Hans: I think because individually we are not smart enough. We have to combine our various smart points where we are good. China is not going to be superfluous for what happens in the West. China is building economies of scale. China is building big data and Artificial Intelligence that we will take over. There's no question we want those technologies. But China, on the other side, also wants what we are good at, as they develop citizen ideals, and they want their stories.

David: Thank you very much, professor, and the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin is this platform where we can learn from each other, in order together to tackle the challenges in the 21st century, one of them being the construction of smarter cities. Thank you very much, professor.

Hans: I wish you a great success, thank you.

David: Thank you.

原标题：《高大伟对话汉斯·杭智科：为什么中国在智慧城市建设上表现如此优秀？》

阅读原文